Why objects float in liquid
- Why does ice float in water? You may have noticed that when a piece of ice is poured into the water, it does not sink, but floats. The piece of ice looks solid and heavy , so why not drown it in the water ? Even large mountains of ice float in the sea. Do you know why ice floats in water?
- The theory of floating objects in water was first given by Greek scientist Archimedes. According to this principle, when something is poured into water, two forces work on it. The force of the weight of the first thing which presses downwards. Because of this force, the object is submerged in water. The second force is the force used by water to bounce the object upwards. When the force of the weight of the object is equal to or less than the force that is applied to the water to bounce it, the water keeps the object bouncing upwards and cannot sink. So it swims in the water. But if the force of his load is high and the force used to bounce by water is low, then the object will be submerged.
- In order to measure this force, Archimedes gave theory that when an object is immersed in a liquid, it removes the amount of liquid equal to its volume. That is, when the weight of the object is equal to or less than the weight of the liquid that is removed by it, the object floats in the liquid. If the weight of the object exceeds the weight of liquid that is removed by it, then it is submerged in water.
- A piece of wood floats in water because its weight is half of the water that is removed by it. Hence, only half of the wood is submerged in water. And half of the water lies above it. Similarly, the weight of the cork is one-fifth of the load of the water that it has removed, so only one-fifth of the cork is submerged in water and the rest remains above the water. It is on this principle that ice swimming can also be understood.
- Usually, when the materials change from the liquid state to the solid state, their molecules come closer, thereby reducing their volume and increasing the density. Therefore, they are heavier than the liquid in solid state, but the water is such a strange liquid that when it turns into ice, it spreads rather than shrinking. The volume of ice is about nine parts of the volume of water. That is, if 9 litres of water is turned into ice , then the volume of ice will be about 10 litres. That is why a large part of the large icebergs are submerged in water and only one-tenth of them are seen floating above the water.
- Water pipes burst in cold places due to higher volume of ice than water. As the water accumulates, its volume increases and it generates so much force that the pipe bursts. In Finland, this quality of water is also used for rock breaking. There, when the rocks have to be broken, the empty space between them is flooded. When the water spreads into ice, its pressure causes cracks in the rocks.
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